If we're going to name it as benzoic acid, that gives the carbon attached We can see there's a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid. For long carboxylic acid, you would have to think about these stereo chemistry.
The stereo chemistry of the double bonds since that'sĪ monosubstituted double bond. We can just go ahead and put in a 2 here to indicate the start of the double bond. Since we have a double bond present, we need to chance the A to an E. A three carbon carboxylicĪcid would be propenoic acid. The full IUPAC name wouldīe 4-Bromo pentanoic acid. That's going to make this carbon over here carbon number one. Longest carbon chain that includes the carbon Latin word for vinegar because vinegar is just a dilute solution of acetic acid in water. It'd be ethane, drop the E, add oic acid. There are lots of reallyĬool carboxylic acids with interesting common names, The name comes from the Latin word for ant because formic acid is found in ant venom. The common name for this is formic acid, which is what you'll hear more often.
You can see we dropped the EĪnd added oic and then acid. There's one carbon a oneĬarbon carboxylic acid. If we wanted to name this carboxylic acid, it's the simplest one possible. Voiceover: Let's look at the nomenclature and physical properties Therefore, the name of this compound is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. Wanting to keep this number as low as possible, we move clockwise around the ring and assign #2 to the hydroxy bearing carbon. We can go counterclockwise around the ring which would assign #6 to the carbon to which the hydroxy group is attached. By convention, we assign priority to the carboxylic acid, therefore, the ring carbon to which it is attached, is labeled as carbon #1. We must decide which gets higher priority on the ring, the carboxylic acid or the hydroxy group. When we add the hydroxy group, we now have two substituents. There is no need to assign a number since the only substituent is the carboxylic acid. It is far more common to see it called benzoic acid. If we just had the benzene ring and the carboxylic acid substituent, that would be named benzoic acid or benzenecarboxylic acid. Let's start by ignoring the hydroxy substituent. Usually with rings, we want to do that so that we can assign the lowest number to all the substituents on the ring. In this instance, you can think of the benzene ring as having higher priority than the carboxylic acid.
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